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Space Physics
  • Ph.D., Space Physics
    1997, Danish Technical University
  • Master, Physics
    1994, University of Copenhagen

Jesper W Gjerloev, a principal professional staff scientist at APL, is a leading international expert in the area of magnetosphereionosphere physics with a particular focus on auroral dynamics. Jesper is an expert in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and relating observations to processes using imaging as a reference frame.  He is the author of 100+ peer reviewed papers, won 20+ competitive proposals and given 100+ invited presentations at international meetings.  He is extremely active in the science community and is a known community builder, having founded and led SuperMAG – a global network of magnetometers involving more than 35 organizations and 100 countries. He is further the Project Scientist for the EZIE mission; Co-I for NASA-funded ACES II sounding rocket project; and Co-I on the past ACES project. Gjerloev has 20+ years of experience in M-I research with a focus on auroral forms and the associated electrodynamics.  He has been thesis advisor for numerous students at The Johns Hopkins University, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and University of Bergen, Norway.

Scholarly Publications

Characterizing the ionospheric current pattern response to southward and northward IMF turnings with dynamical SuperMAG correlation networks

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2017
J. Dods, S. C. Chapman, J. W. Gjerloev, (2017), Characterizing the ionospheric current pattern response to southward and northward IMF turnings with dynamical SuperMAG correlation networks, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 122, 1883-1902

Scale size-dependent characteristics of the nightside aurora

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2017
B. K. Humberset, J. W. Gjerloev, M. Samara, R. G. Michell, (2017), Scale size-dependent characteristics of the nightside aurora, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 122, 2455-2466

On the Usage of Geomagnetic Indices for Data Selection in Internal Field Modelling

Space Science Reviews, 2017
K. Kauristie, A. Morschhauser, N. Olsen, C. C. Finlay, R. L. McPherron, J. W. Gjerloev, H. J. Opgenoorth, (2017), On the Usage of Geomagnetic Indices for Data Selection in Internal Field Modelling, Space Science Reviews, 206, 61-90

Statistical study of polar negative magnetic bays driven by interplanetary fast-mode shocks

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2017
Kan Liou, Thomas Sotirelis, Jesper Gjerloev, (2017), Statistical study of polar negative magnetic bays driven by interplanetary fast-mode shocks, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 122, 7463-7472

A high-resolution model of the external and induced magnetic field at the Earth's surface in the Northern Hemisphere

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2017
R. M. Shore, M. P. Freeman, J. A. Wild, J. W. Gjerloev, (2017), A high-resolution model of the external and induced magnetic field at the Earth's surface in the Northern Hemisphere, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 122, 2440-2454

Supersubstorms (SML <-2500nT): Magnetic storm and solar cycle dependences

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2016
Rajkumar Hajra, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Ezequiel Echer, Walter D. Gonzalez, Jesper W. Gjerloev, (2016), Supersubstorms (SML <-2500nT): Magnetic storm and solar cycle dependences, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121, 7805-7816

Temporal characteristics and energy deposition of pulsating auroral patches

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2016
B. K. Humberset, J. W. Gjerloev, M. Samara, R. G. Michell, I. R. Mann, (2016), Temporal characteristics and energy deposition of pulsating auroral patches, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121, 7087-7107

The impact of sunlight on high-latitude equivalent currents

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2016
K. M. Laundal, J. W. Gjerloev, N. Ostgaard, J. P. Reistad, S. Haaland, K. Snekvik, P. Tenfjord, S. Ohtani, S. E. Milan, (2016), The impact of sunlight on high-latitude equivalent currents, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 121, 2715-2726

Substorm probabilities are best predicted from solar wind speed

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2016
P. T. Newell, K. Liou, J. W. Gjerloev, T. Sotirelis, S. Wing, E. J. Mitchell, (2016), Substorm probabilities are best predicted from solar wind speed, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 146, 28-37

Effects of Interplanetary Shock Inclinations on Nightside Auroral Power Intensity

Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2016
D. M. Oliveira, J. Raeder, B. T. Tsurutani, J. W. Gjerloev, (2016), Effects of Interplanetary Shock Inclinations on Nightside Auroral Power Intensity, Brazilian Journal of Physics, 46, 97-104

The latitudinal variation of geoelectromagnetic disturbances during large (Dst <=-100 nT) geomagnetic storms

Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 2016
J. R. Woodroffe, S. K. Morley, V. K. Jordanova, M. G. Henderson, M. M. Cowee, J. G. Gjerloev, (2016), The latitudinal variation of geoelectromagnetic disturbances during large (Dst <=-100 nT) geomagnetic storms, Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications, 14, 668-681

Network analysis of geomagnetic substorms using the SuperMAG database of ground-based magnetometer stations

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2015
J. Dods, S. C. Chapman, J. W. Gjerloev, (2015), Network analysis of geomagnetic substorms using the SuperMAG database of ground-based magnetometer stations, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 120, 7774-7784

A new technique for determining Substorm Onsets and Phases from Indices of the Electrojet (SOPHIE)

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2015
C. Forsyth, I. J. Rae, J. C. Coxon, M. P. Freeman, C. M. Jackman, J. Gjerloev, A. N. Fazakerley, (2015), A new technique for determining Substorm Onsets and Phases from Indices of the Electrojet (SOPHIE), Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 120, 10592-10606

Spatial structure and temporal evolution of energetic particle injections in the inner magnetosphere during the 14 July 2013 substorm event

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2015
Matina Gkioulidou, S. Ohtani, D. G. Mitchell, A. Y. Ukhorskiy, G. D. Reeves, D. L. Turner, J. W. Gjerloev, M. Nose, K. Koga, J. V. Rodriguez, L. J. Lanzerotti, (2015), Spatial structure and temporal evolution of energetic particle injections in the inner magnetosphere during the 14 July 2013 substorm event, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 120, 1924-1938

A large-scale view of Space Technology 5 magnetometer response to solar wind drivers

Earth and Space Science, 2015
D. J. Knipp, L. M. Kilcommons, J. Gjerloev, R. J. Redmon, J. Slavin, G. Le, (2015), A large-scale view of Space Technology 5 magnetometer response to solar wind drivers, Earth and Space Science, 2, 115-124

Birkeland current effects on high-latitude ground magnetic field perturbations

Geophysical Research Letters, 2015
K. M. Laundal, S. E. Haaland, N. Lehtinen, J. W. Gjerloev, N. Ostgaard, P. Tenfjord, J. P. Reistad, K. Snekvik, S. E. Milan, S. Ohtani, B. J. Anderson, (2015), Birkeland current effects on high-latitude ground magnetic field perturbations, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 7248-7254

Field-aligned currents' scale analysis performed with the Swarm constellation

Geophysical Research Letters, 2015
Hermann Luehr, Jaeheung Park, Jesper W. Gjerloev, Jan Rauberg, Ingo Michaelis, Jose M. G. Merayo, Peter Brauer, (2015), Field-aligned currents' scale analysis performed with the Swarm constellation, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 1-8

Extremely intense (SML <=-2500 nT) substorms: isolated events that are externally triggered?

Annales Geophysicae, 2015
B. T. Tsurutani, R. Hajra, E. Echer, J. W. Gjerloev, (2015), Extremely intense (SML <=-2500 nT) substorms: isolated events that are externally triggered?, Annales Geophysicae, 33, 519-524

Global maps of ground magnetometer data

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2015
C. L. Waters, J. W. Gjerloev, M. Dupont, R. J. Barnes, (2015), Global maps of ground magnetometer data, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 120, 9651-9660

The large-scale current system during auroral substorms

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2014
J. W. Gjerloev, R. A. Hoffman, (2014), The large-scale current system during auroral substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 119, 4591-4606

Characteristics of the flank magnetopause: Cluster observations

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2014
S. Haaland, J. Reistad, P. Tenfjord, J. Gjerloev, L. Maes, J. DeKeyser, R. Maggiolo, C. Anekallu, N. Dorville, (2014), Characteristics of the flank magnetopause: Cluster observations, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 119, 9019-9037

What is the appropriate coordinate system for magnetometer data when analyzing ionospheric currents?

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2014
K. M. Laundal, J. W. Gjerloev, (2014), What is the appropriate coordinate system for magnetometer data when analyzing ionospheric currents?, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 119, 8637-8647

Interrelationship between preonset auroral and magnetic signatures at a geomagnetically conjugate Iceland-Syowa pair

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2014
T. Motoba, S. Ohtani, A. Kadokura, J. Gjerloev, (2014), Interrelationship between preonset auroral and magnetic signatures at a geomagnetically conjugate Iceland-Syowa pair, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 119, 761-769

Local geomagnetic indices and the prediction of auroral power

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2014
P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, (2014), Local geomagnetic indices and the prediction of auroral power, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 119

Auroral Current and Electrodynamics Structure (ACES) observations of ionospheric feedback in the Alfven resonator and model responses

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2013
I. J. Cohen, M. R. Lessard, S. R. Kaeppler, S. R. Bounds, C. A. Kletzing, A. V. Streltsov, J. W. LaBelle, M. P. Dombrowski, S. L. Jones, R. F. Pfaff, D. E. Rowland, B. J. Anderson, H. Korth, J. W. Gjerloev, (2013), Auroral Current and Electrodynamics Structure (ACES) observations of ionospheric feedback in the Alfven resonator and model responses, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 3288-3296

On the relation between asymmetries in the ring current and magnetopause current

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2013
S. Haaland, J. Gjerloev, (2013), On the relation between asymmetries in the ring current and magnetopause current, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 7593-7604

OVATION-SM: A model of auroral precipitation based on SuperMAG generalized auroral electrojet and substorm onset times

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2013
E. J. Mitchell, P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, K. Liou, (2013), OVATION-SM: A model of auroral precipitation based on SuperMAG generalized auroral electrojet and substorm onset times, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 3747-3759

The role of compressional Pc5 pulsations in modulating precipitation of energetic electrons

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2013
T. Motoba, K. Takahashi, J. Gjerloev, S. Ohtani, D. K. Milling, (2013), The role of compressional Pc5 pulsations in modulating precipitation of energetic electrons, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 7728-7739

Space climate implications from substorm frequency

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2013
P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, E. J. Mitchell, (2013), Space climate implications from substorm frequency, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 6254-6265

The SuperMAG data processing technique

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2012
J. W. Gjerloev, (2012), The SuperMAG data processing technique, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 117

SuperMAG-based partial ring current indices

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2012
P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, (2012), SuperMAG-based partial ring current indices, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 117

The double auroral oval in the dusk-midnight sector: Formation, mapping and dynamics

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2012
S. Ohtani, H. Korth, S. Wing, E. R. Talaat, H. U. Frey, J. W. Gjerloev, (2012), The double auroral oval in the dusk-midnight sector: Formation, mapping and dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 117

Characteristics of the terrestrial field-aligned current system

Annales Geophysicae, 2011
J. W. Gjerloev, S. Ohtani, T. Iijima, B. Anderson, J. Slavin, G. Le, (2011), Characteristics of the terrestrial field-aligned current system, Annales Geophysicae, 29, 1713-1729

Evaluation of SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices as indicators of substorms and auroral power

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2011
P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, (2011), Evaluation of SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices as indicators of substorms and auroral power, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 116

Substorm and magnetosphere characteristic scales inferred from the SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2011
P. T. Newell, J. W. Gjerloev, (2011), Substorm and magnetosphere characteristic scales inferred from the SuperMAG auroral electrojet indices, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 116

Response of the auroral electrojet indices to abrupt southward IMF turnings

Annales Geophysicae, 2010
J. W. Gjerloev, R. A. Hoffman, S. Ohtani, J. Weygand, R. Barnes, (2010), Response of the auroral electrojet indices to abrupt southward IMF turnings, Annales Geophysicae, 28, 1167-1182

Are there optical differences between storm-time substorms and isolated substorms?

Annales Geophysicae, 2010
R. A. Hoffman, J. W. Gjerloev, L. A. Frank, J. W. Sigwarth, (2010), Are there optical differences between storm-time substorms and isolated substorms?, Annales Geophysicae, 28, 1183-1198

Relatively low-latitude wave aurora and substorms

Geophysical Research Letters, 2010
Anna R. Lee, Patrick T. Newell, Jesper Gjerloev, Kan Liou, (2010), Relatively low-latitude wave aurora and substorms, Geophysical Research Letters, 37

Effects of solar wind density on auroral electrojets and brightness under influence of substorms

Annales Geophysicae, 2009
J. -H. Shue, Y. Kamide, J. W. Gjerloev, (2009), Effects of solar wind density on auroral electrojets and brightness under influence of substorms, Annales Geophysicae, 27, 113-119

Towards understanding the electrodynamics of the 3-dimensional high-latitude ionosphere: present and future

Annales Geophysicae, 2008
O. Amm, A. Aruliah, S. C. Buchert, R. Fujii, J. W. Gjerloev, A. Ieda, T. Matsuo, C. Stolle, H. Vanhamaeki, A. Yoshikawa, (2008), Towards understanding the electrodynamics of the 3-dimensional high-latitude ionosphere: present and future, Annales Geophysicae, 26, 3913-3932

Typical auroral substorm: A bifurcated oval

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2008
J. W. Gjerloev, R. A. Hoffman, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, J. B. H. Baker, (2008), Typical auroral substorm: A bifurcated oval, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 113

Observations of ionospheric convection from the Wallops SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2007
J. B. H. Baker, R. A. Greenwald, J. M. Ruohoniemi, K. Oksavik, J. W. Gjerloev, L. J. Paxton, M. R. Hairston, (2007), Observations of ionospheric convection from the Wallops SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 112

Observations of Pi2 pulsations by the Wallops HF radar in association with substorm expansion

Geophysical Research Letters, 2007
J. W. Gjerloev, R. A. Greenwald, C. L. Waters, K. Takahashi, D. Sibeck, K. Oksavik, R. Barnes, J. Baker, J. M. Ruohoniemi, (2007), Observations of Pi2 pulsations by the Wallops HF radar in association with substorm expansion, Geophysical Research Letters, 34

Statistical description of the bulge-type auroral substorm in the far ultraviolet

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2007
J. W. Gjerloev, R. A. Hoffman, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, (2007), Statistical description of the bulge-type auroral substorm in the far ultraviolet, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 112

Thermospheric nitric oxide at higher latitudes: Model calculations with auroral energy input

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2007
C. Saetre, C. A. Barth, J. Stadsnes, N. Ostgaard, S. M. Bailey, D. N. Baker, G. A. Germany, J. W. Gjerloev, (2007), Thermospheric nitric oxide at higher latitudes: Model calculations with auroral energy input, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 112

Substorm plasma sheet ion pressure profiles

Geophysical Research Letters, 2007
Simon Wing, Jesper W. Gjerloev, Jay R. Johnson, R. A. Hoffman, (2007), Substorm plasma sheet ion pressure profiles, Geophysical Research Letters, 34

Identification of the temperature gradient instability as the source of decameter-scale ionospheric irregularities on plasmapause field lines

Geophysical Research Letters, 2006
Raymond A. Greenwald, Kjellmar Oksavik, Philip J. Erickson, Frank D. Lind, J. Michael Ruohoniemi, Joseph B. H. Baker, Jesper W. Gjerloev, (2006), Identification of the temperature gradient instability as the source of decameter-scale ionospheric irregularities on plasmapause field lines, Geophysical Research Letters, 33

First observations of the temporal/spatial variation of the sub-auroral polarization stream from the SuperDARN Wallops HF radar

Geophysical Research Letters, 2006
K. Oksavik, R. A. Greenwald, J. M. Ruohoniemi, M. R. Hairston, L. J. Paxton, J. B. H. Baker, J. W. Gjerloev, R. J. Barnes, (2006), First observations of the temporal/spatial variation of the sub-auroral polarization stream from the SuperDARN Wallops HF radar, Geophysical Research Letters, 33

Magnetospheric current systems during stormtime sawtooth events

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2006
T. I. Pulkkinen, N. Y. Ganushkina, E. I. Tanskanen, M. Kubyshkina, G. D. Reeves, M. F. Thomsen, C. T. Russell, H. J. Singer, J. A. Slavin, J. Gjerloev, (2006), Magnetospheric current systems during stormtime sawtooth events, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 111

Comparisons of electron energy deposition derived from observations of lower thermospheric nitric oxide and from X-ray bremsstrahlung measurements

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2006
C Saetre, CA Barth, J Stadsnes, N Ostgaard, SM Bailey, DN Baker, JW Gjerloev, (2006), Comparisons of electron energy deposition derived from observations of lower thermospheric nitric oxide and from X-ray bremsstrahlung measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 111

Equatorward expansion of the westward electrojet during magnetically disturbed periods

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2005
BH Ahn, GX Chen, W Sun, JW Gjerloev, Y Kamide, JB Sigwarth, LA Frank, (2005), Equatorward expansion of the westward electrojet during magnetically disturbed periods, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 110

The lowest possible latitude of the westward electrojet during severely disturbed periods

Multiscale Coupling of Sun-Earth Processes, 2005
BH Ahn, GX Chen, W Sun, JW Gjerloev, Y Kamide, JB Sigwarth, LA Frank, (2005), The lowest possible latitude of the westward electrojet during severely disturbed periods, Multiscale Coupling of Sun-Earth Processes, 145-156

Magnetotail response to prolonged southward IMF B-z intervals: Loading, unloading, and continuous magnetospheric dissipation

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2005
EI Tanskanen, JA Slavin, DH Fairfield, DG Sibeck, J Gjerloev, T Mukai, A Ieda, T Nagai, (2005), Magnetotail response to prolonged southward IMF B-z intervals: Loading, unloading, and continuous magnetospheric dissipation, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 110

Substorm behavior of the auroral electrojet indices

Annales Geophysicae, 2004
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, MM Friel, LA Frank, JB Sigwarth, (2004), Substorm behavior of the auroral electrojet indices, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 2135-2149

Auroral electrojet configuration during substorm growth phase

Geophysical Research Letters, 2003
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, E Tanskanen, M Friel, (2003), Auroral electrojet configuration during substorm growth phase, Geophysical Research Letters, 30

Geotail observations of magnetic flux ropes in the plasma sheet

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2003
JA Slavin, RP Lepping, J Gjerloev, DH Fairfield, M Hesse, CJ Owen, MB Moldwin, T Nagai, A Ieda, T Mukai, (2003), Geotail observations of magnetic flux ropes in the plasma sheet, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 108

Cluster electric current density measurements within a magnetic flux rope in the plasma sheet

Geophysical Research Letters, 2003
JA Slavin, RP Lepping, J Gjerloev, ML Goldstein, DH Fairfield, MH Acuna, A Balogh, M Dunlop, MG Kivelson, K Khurana, A Fazakerley, CJ Owen, H Reme, JM Bosqued, (2003), Cluster electric current density measurements within a magnetic flux rope in the plasma sheet, Geophysical Research Letters, 30

Currents in auroral substorms

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2002
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2002), Currents in auroral substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 107

Currents in auroral substorms (vol 107, pg 1163, 2002)

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2002
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2002), Currents in auroral substorms (vol 107, pg 1163, 2002), Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 107

A relation between the energy deposition by electron precipitation and geomagnetic indices during substorms

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2002
N Ostgaard, RR Vondrak, JW Gjerloev, G Germany, (2002), A relation between the energy deposition by electron precipitation and geomagnetic indices during substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 107

Field-aligned currents and ionospheric parameters deduced from EISCAT radar measurements in the post-midnight sector

Annales Geophysicae, 2002
M Sugino, R Fujii, S Nozawa, T Nagatsuma, SC Buchert, JW Gjerloev, MJ Kosch, (2002), Field-aligned currents and ionospheric parameters deduced from EISCAT radar measurements in the post-midnight sector, Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1335-1348

The convection electric field in auroral substorms

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2001
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2001), The convection electric field in auroral substorms, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 106, 12919-12931

Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms - 1. Data

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2000
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2000), Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms - 1. Data, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 105, 215-226

Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms - 2. Modeling

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2000
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2000), Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms - 2. Modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 105, 227-235

Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms, 1, data (vol 105, pg 215, 2000)

Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 2000
JW Gjerloev, RA Hoffman, (2000), Height-integrated conductivity in auroral substorms, 1, data (vol 105, pg 215, 2000), Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 105, 10675